Abyssal Zone Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution is the world's leading non-profit oceanographic research organization. Our mission is to explore and understand the ocean and to educate scientists, students, decision-makers, and the public. The abyssal zone, or the abyss, is the seafloor and water column from 3,000 to 6,500 meters (9,842 to 21,325 feet) depth, where sunlight doesn’t penetrate.

Context Explanation

The ocean water column is made up of five zones: the sunlight (epipelagic), twilight (mesopelagic), midnight (bathypelagic), abyssal (abyssopelagic) and hadal zones (trenches). Few abyssal measurements exist, and it is premature to estimate a global numerical average of a process dominated by a few extreme regions. We have shown that currents of 1 mm/s (far smaller than those associated with typical rms mesoscale circulation) are adequate to bring about a lateral homogeni- zation spreading from mixing centers. Ocean ecosystems are found in polar regions, coastal waters, coral reefs, hydrothermal vents, the abyssal plain, and at the bottom of the sea.

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